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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Atomic Defect Mediated Li-Ion Diffusion in a Lithium Lanthanum Titanate Solid-State Electrolyte.

Lifeng Zhang1, Lei Xu1, Yao Nian2

  • 1Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300072, China.

ACS Nano
|April 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO) exhibits intrinsic planar defects that hinder lithium-ion (Li+) diffusion. These defects, identified via advanced microscopy, reduce the conductivity essential for solid-state batteries.

Keywords:
Li diffusionatomic defectslithium lanthanum titanium oxidesolid-state electrolytestransmission electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO) is a key material for solid-state lithium-ion batteries due to its fast Li-ion conductivity.
  • Understanding LLTO's microstructure and Li+ diffusion is crucial for optimizing oxide electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microstructure of LLTO and its impact on Li+ diffusion mechanisms.
  • To identify and characterize previously unreported defects in LLTO.

Main Methods:

  • Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for detailed structural analysis of LLTO ceramic pellets.
  • Density-functional-theory (DFT)-based calculations to corroborate experimental findings.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of intrinsic planar defects within LLTO single-crystal grains.
  • Characterization of these defects as antiphase boundaries with a Li-enriched "rock-salt" structure.
  • Demonstration of increased Li+ diffusion barriers across these planar defects.

Conclusions:

  • The identified planar defects significantly impede Li+ transport in LLTO.
  • These findings highlight a critical factor limiting bulk Li+ diffusivity in LLTO electrolytes.
  • This research provides fundamental insights for designing improved LLTO-based solid electrolytes.