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Lose the stress: Viscoelastic materials for cell engineering.

Emily M Carvalho¹, Sanjay Kumar²

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Acta Biomaterialia

|April 11, 2022

Summary

Viscous properties of biomaterials significantly influence cell behaviors like migration and differentiation. Understanding these viscoelastic cues is crucial for designing advanced biomaterials for cell engineering applications.

Keywords:

Alginate Cell migration Collagen Electrospun fibers Hyaluronic acid Mechanobiology Stress relaxation Viscoelastic

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cellular Engineering
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Biomaterials are crucial for controlling cell behaviors, historically focusing on elastic properties.
Emerging evidence highlights the significant impact of viscous properties on cellular functions.
Viscoelasticity, a combination of elastic and viscous properties, plays a critical role in cell-material interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in viscoelastic biomaterials for cell engineering.
To discuss the origin and significance of viscoelastic properties in natural and engineered biomaterials.
To explore how cells interpret and respond to viscoelastic cues.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on collagen, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and electrospun fibers.
Analysis of biomaterial viscoelastic property modulation.
Examination of cellular mechanisms for processing viscoelastic cues.

Main Results:

Collagen's viscoelasticity stems from its fibrillar structure, enabling stress dissipation.
Alginate and hyaluronic acid viscoelasticity can be tuned via composition and crosslinking.
Engineered fibrous materials offer tunable viscoelastic properties for cell control.
Cellular processing of viscoelastic cues impacts migration and infiltration.

Conclusions:

Viscous properties of biomaterials profoundly influence cell behavior.
Understanding viscoelasticity is key to designing effective biomaterials for cell engineering.
This knowledge will aid in selecting and designing biomaterials for specific applications, impacting areas like stem cell research and disease modeling.