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Lipid metabolism in endotoxic rats: decrease in hepatic triglyceride lipase activity.

M Kawakami, T Murase, H Itakura

    Microbiology and Immunology
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Endotoxin administration significantly decreases hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in rats. This reduction in lipase activity leads to elevated VLDL and IDL lipoproteins.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) activity plays a crucial role in lipoprotein metabolism.
    • H-TGL activity exhibits distinct behavior compared to lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in various physiological states.
    • Understanding endotoxin's impact on H-TGL is vital for comprehending associated metabolic disturbances.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin administration on rat hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) activity.
    • To compare the changes in H-TGL activity with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity following endotoxin exposure.
    • To elucidate the relationship between endotoxin-induced lipase alterations and lipoprotein profiles.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats were administered E. coli endotoxin.
    • Plasma triglyceride, free fatty acid, cholesterol, and phospholipid levels were measured.

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  • Lipoprotein analysis was performed using ultracentrifugation.
  • Post-heparin plasma triglyceride lipase activities were assessed, with selective H-TGL activity measured using a specific antibody.

    • Main Results:

    • Endotoxin administration markedly elevated plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid concentrations.
    • Significant increases in cholesterol and phospholipids were observed.
    • Lipoprotein analysis revealed pronounced increases in Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and Intermediate-Density Lipoprotein (IDL) fractions.
    • Both H-TGL and LPL activities were significantly decreased (to 26% of control levels) in endotoxic rats.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed increase in VLDL and IDL lipoproteins in endotoxic rats is attributed to the concurrent decrease in both LPL and H-TGL activities.
    • Endotoxin significantly impairs the function of key lipolytic enzymes involved in triglyceride metabolism.
    • These findings highlight a critical mechanism linking endotoxemia to dyslipidemia.