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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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The Early Endosome: Endocytosis of Transferrin01:28

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Essential proteins such as insulin or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and micronutrients such as iron enter a eukaryotic cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Subsequently, the early endosomes fuse with the vesicles containing such receptor-ligand complexes and play a vital role in sorting the incoming ligands and receptors. While the ligands are either degraded inside the vesicle or released into the cytosol, their receptors are returned to the plasma membrane for further rounds of...
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Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Brain Slice Biotinylation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Measure Region-specific Plasma Membrane Protein Trafficking in Adult Neurons
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Endosomal trafficking in schizophrenia.

Melissa Plooster1, Patrick Brennwald1, Stephanie L Gupton1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|April 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Schizophrenia involves genetic variations impacting brain function. This review focuses on endocytosis genes, exploring their role in the disorder

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a severe, heritable neuropsychiatric disorder.
  • Genetic variations (common, rare, copy number) contribute to its development.
  • Functional genomics has identified biological pathways disrupted in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endosomal trafficking in schizophrenia.
  • To highlight novel endosomal candidate genes implicated in the disorder.
  • To hypothesize how the dysfunction of these genes contributes to schizophrenia pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of endosomal trafficking and schizophrenia.
  • Analysis of functional genomic data to identify candidate genes.

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  • Exploration of gene function and proposed mechanisms of disease contribution.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple genes involved in endocytosis are implicated in schizophrenia.
    • Endosomal candidate genes represent critical pathways for further investigation.
    • Specific gene functions offer potential insights into disease mechanisms.

    Conclusions:

    • Endosomal trafficking is a key biological process implicated in schizophrenia.
    • Further research into endosomal candidate genes is crucial for understanding schizophrenia.
    • Dysfunction in these genes may provide novel therapeutic targets.