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Vitamin D, via its active metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and directly influences gene expression. This review explores VDR

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is the active form of vitamin D.
  • The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a transcription factor that binds vitamin D.
  • VDR regulates gene expression in various cell types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review VDR's genomic binding and interactions.
  • To explain vitamin D signaling and gene regulation.
  • To integrate VDR's role in chromatin modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of VDR genomic binding.
  • Analysis of VDR-ligand interactions.
  • Chromatin context of VDR function.

Main Results:

  • VDR binds to thousands of genomic loci in a ligand-dependent manner.
  • VDR modulates the expression of hundreds of primary target genes.
  • Vitamin D directly impacts the epigenome and transcriptome.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D signaling is a complex process involving VDR, chromatin, and gene regulation.
  • VDR's function is crucial for calcium homeostasis, immunity, and cellular differentiation.
  • Understanding VDR's genome-wide activity provides insights into vitamin D's physiological roles.