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Photoperiod Affects Node Appearance Rate and Flowering in Early Maturing Soybean
Nathaniel W W Ort1, Malcolm J Morrison2, Elroy R Cober2
1Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2022
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max) flowering time is sensitive to photoperiod, with longer days delaying flowering. Later maturing soybean cultivars show the greatest photoperiod sensitivity, impacting breeding strategies.
Area of Science:
- Plant Science
- Agronomy
- Genetics
Background:
- Photoperiod is a critical factor influencing soybean flowering time.
- Developing early flowering soybean cultivars is crucial for long-day environments.
- Isolating photoperiod effects in field studies is challenging due to confounding environmental variables.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of varying photoperiods on soybean node appearance rate and time to flower.
- To quantify photoperiod sensitivity across different early-maturing soybean cultivars.
- To inform breeding programs for soybean adaptation to long-day conditions.
Main Methods:
- Controlled growth chamber experiments were conducted using 13 early maturing soybean cultivars (Maturity Group 000.9 to 1.3).
- Soybean plants were exposed to four photoperiod treatments: 14, 15, 16, and 17 hours, with a constant temperature of 25°C.
- Emergence date and main stem node appearance were recorded to determine node appearance rate and time to flower.
Main Results:
- Node appearance rate varied, being slowest for the initial node and increasing progressively.
- All soybean cultivars exhibited a longer time to flower under extended photoperiod treatments.
- Soybean cultivars with later maturity groups demonstrated higher sensitivity to photoperiod variations.
Conclusions:
- Extended photoperiods delay flowering and maturity in soybean, potentially increasing frost risk and reducing yield/quality.
- Understanding soybean photoperiod sensitivity is vital for developing cultivars adapted to diverse environments.
- This research aids plant breeders in selecting and developing soybean varieties for regions with long daylight hours.
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