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Semantic Segmentation Using Pixel-Wise Adaptive Label Smoothing via Self-Knowledge Distillation for Limited Labeling

Sangyong Park¹, Jaeseon Kim¹, Yong Seok Heo^1,2

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16449, Korea.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 12, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces pixel-wise adaptive label smoothing (PALS), a new method to train deep convolutional neural networks for semantic segmentation with limited data. PALS improves accuracy by utilizing internal image statistics and self-knowledge distillation, overcoming overfitting challenges.

Keywords:

limited training data regularization self-knowledge distillation semantic segmentation

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Area of Science:

Computer Vision
Machine Learning
Deep Learning

Background:

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) demand extensive labeled data for high performance, which is costly for semantic segmentation due to pixel-level annotation requirements.
Training DCNNs with limited data often leads to overfitting and reduced accuracy, a significant challenge in practical semantic segmentation tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel regularization method, pixel-wise adaptive label smoothing (PALS), to enable stable training of semantic segmentation networks with limited datasets.
To leverage internal image statistics and self-knowledge distillation to mitigate accuracy degradation caused by data scarcity.

Main Methods:

PALS generates pixel-wise aggregated probability distributions using a similarity matrix that captures pixel affinities.
The method incorporates one-hot encoded ground-truth labels with aggregated distributions to create final soft labels.
Effectiveness was validated on the Cityscapes and Pascal VOC2012 datasets using varying percentages (10-100%) of training data.

Main Results:

PALS demonstrated improved accuracy in semantic segmentation tasks with limited training data compared to standard cross-entropy loss methods.
On the Cityscapes test set, PALS achieved notable mIoU improvements across all tested data subsets (10%, 30%, 50%, 100%).
Quantitative and qualitative comparisons confirmed the superior performance of PALS over existing methods.

Conclusions:

Pixel-wise adaptive label smoothing (PALS) is an effective regularization technique for training semantic segmentation DCNNs with limited data.
The proposed method successfully addresses the overfitting problem and enhances network accuracy by utilizing pixel-level image information.
PALS offers a practical solution for scenarios where acquiring large annotated datasets for semantic segmentation is infeasible.