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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
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Positive Association between Aqueous Humor Hydroxylinoleate Levels and Intraocular Pressure.

Aya Umeno1,2,3, Yasukazu Yoshida4, Sachiko Kaidzu1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Hydroxylinoleates (HODEs) in aqueous humor are potential biomarkers for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Elevated HODEs correlate with higher intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma, suggesting oxidative stress involvement in POAG pathogenesis.

Keywords:
biomarkerglaucomalinoleate-derived oxidation productsocular and systemic oxidationoxidative stresspathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biochemistry
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Hydroxylinoleates (HODEs) have been proposed as biomarkers for disease investigation.
  • Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including glaucoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate hydroxylinoleate (HODE) levels in aqueous humor (AH) from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and cataracts.
  • To analyze correlations between intraocular HODE levels, intraocular pressure (IOP), and other clinical parameters.
  • To assess the potential involvement of oxidative stress in glaucoma pathology through HODE analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of HODEs, linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in aqueous humor samples using LC-MS/MS after saponification and reduction.
  • Analysis of samples from 63 eyes of 41 Japanese subjects diagnosed with POAG or cataracts.
  • Univariate and mixed-effect regression models were employed to analyze associations between HODE levels, age, gender, IOP, and disease status (glaucoma vs. cataract).

Main Results:

  • Higher levels of specific HODEs (13-(Z,E)-HODE, 13-(E,E)-HODE), total HODE (t-HODE), linoleic acid (LA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were found in eyes with glaucoma compared to cataracts.
  • Elevated 13-(Z,E)-HODE and t-HODE levels were significantly associated with glaucoma.
  • Higher levels of 13-(Z,E)-HODE, 13-(E,E)-HODE, and their ratios with LA were positively correlated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP).

Conclusions:

  • Linoleate-derived oxidation products (HODEs) can be successfully quantified in aqueous humor.
  • A free radical oxidation mechanism may contribute to elevated IOP, while enzymatic oxidation might be specifically involved in the pathogenesis of POAG.
  • HODEs show promise as biomarkers for investigating glaucoma pathogenesis and progression.