7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Micro-RNA-107-5p Increases Number and Activity of Osteoclasts by Targeting MKP1

Osteoclasts (OCs), which are responsible for bone resorption, play a critical role in cholesterol-induced bone loss and recent studies have suggested that various micro-RNAs (miRs) contribute to modulating OCs. We hypothesized that 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), a metabolite responsible for cholesterol-induced bone loss, induces miR-107-5p, which affects OCs. Overexpression and knock-down of miR-107-5p were performed using miR-107-5p mimic and anti-miR-107-5p, respectively. The effects of miR-107-5p on OCs were analyzed by tartrate-resistant alkaline phosphatase staining, qPCR, and Western blot. MiR-107-5p was upregulated after 7-KC exposure in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand-stimulated OCs. Furthermore, miR-107-5p upregulation was also observed in tibiae from an atherogenic diet-fed mice compared with mice fed with a normal diet. MiR-107-5p overexpression enhanced the area and number of OCs, whereas inhibiting the endogenous expression of miR-107-5p generated by 7-KC had the opposite effect. Among the possible candidates, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1, a stress-responsive dual-specificity phosphatase that inactivates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MKP1), has been proven to be a target gene of miR-107-5p, as demonstrated by the direct interaction between miR-107-5p and the 3'-untranslated region of MKP1. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that 7-KC-induced miR-107-5p promotes differentiation and function of OCs by downregulating MKP1.