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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Circulating microRNAs in Medicine.

Tetiana Pozniak1,2, Dzmitry Shcharbin1, Maria Bryszewska3

  • 1Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) show promise as sensitive biomarkers for early disease diagnosis and personalized treatment monitoring. These microRNAs can also function as effective therapeutic agents for various viral and non-viral diseases.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasescirculating microRNAs (c-microRNAs, c-miRNAs)neurodegenerative diseasesoncologysmall interfering RNAs (miRNAs)

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are found in biological fluids and reflect the body's physiological state.
  • miRNA signatures offer potential for early disease detection across oncological, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative pathologies.
  • Current research highlights the role of miRNAs in assessing therapeutic response for personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the latest advancements in the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of miRNAs.
  • To explore the utility of miRNAs in managing both viral and non-viral diseases.
  • To evaluate the potential of exogenous miRNAs as therapeutic agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on miRNA diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression patterns in relation to disease states.
  • Assessment of clinical data on miRNA-based treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • miRNA expression profiling enables early disease diagnosis, often before clinical symptoms appear.
  • miRNAs aid in monitoring patient response to therapy, facilitating treatment personalization.
  • Exogenous microRNAs demonstrate potential as high-precision therapeutic agents.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating microRNAs are valuable biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring a wide spectrum of diseases.
  • miRNAs play a crucial role in personalizing medical treatments.
  • Exogenous miRNAs represent a promising frontier for novel therapeutic interventions.