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Related Concept Videos

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

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Voice and Swallowing Disorders After Thyroid Surgery.

L Sõber1, U Lepner2, Ü Kirsimägi2

  • 1ENT Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid surgery can impact voice and swallowing, with nerve damage causing significant, though often temporary, voice quality decline. Swallowing issues are common post-surgery, improving over time, especially without nerve injury.

Keywords:
Thyroidectomy—Vocal fold palsy—Voice disorders—Deglutition disorders—Laryngeal EMG

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Thyroid Surgery Outcomes
  • Vocal Fold Physiology

Background:

  • Thyroidectomy is a common procedure with potential risks to laryngeal function.
  • Vocal fold palsy and swallowing dysfunction are known complications of thyroid surgery.
  • Understanding the trajectory of voice and swallowing recovery is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate voice and swallowing function after thyroid surgery.
  • To identify dynamic changes in function during a 12-18 month follow-up period.
  • To detect early indicators of permanent or temporary vocal fold palsy.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 110 thyroid surgery patients.
  • Preoperative and 12-18 month postoperative videolaryngostroboscopy.
  • Subjective voice (VHI) and swallowing assessments, acoustic voice analysis (AVA), maximum phonation time (MPT), and perceptual voice evaluation.
  • Laryngeal electromyography for suspected nerve damage.

Main Results:

  • Postoperative nerve damage led to significant declines in voice quality (VHI, AVA, MPT, perceptual) and swallowing function.
  • Subjective swallowing disturbances occurred in all patients, regardless of nerve damage.
  • Early differences in VHI, MPT, and perceptual voice quality distinguished temporary from permanent palsy.
  • Most voice and swallowing changes resolved by 12-18 months, except for perceptual voice quality.

Conclusions:

  • Laryngeal nerve damage significantly impairs voice quality post-thyroid surgery, with permanent paralysis causing more severe deficits.
  • Thyroid surgery impacts swallowing subjectively, but function improves post-thyroidectomy, especially without nerve injury.
  • Delayed MPT recovery, persistent jitter, and breathiness may indicate permanent vocal fold paralysis.