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Cardiac Evaluation in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated With COVID-19

Priyankar Pal1, Jigna N Bathia2, Mimi Ganguly3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, West Bengal.

Indian Pediatrics
|April 12, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) frequently impacts the heart, causing conditions like myocarditis and coronary artery aneurysms. Prompt treatment with IVIG led to positive outcomes and no mortality in this pediatric cohort.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious condition associated with significant cardiac complications.
  • Cardiac involvement, including myocarditis and coronary artery aneurysms, is a hallmark of MIS-C.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the cardiac manifestations and treatment outcomes of MIS-C in a pediatric cohort.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in children with MIS-C.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 71 pediatric patients diagnosed with MIS-C at a single center.
  • Detailed review of cardiac involvement, intensive care unit (ICU) support, inotrope use, and therapeutic interventions.
  • Assessment of treatment response and patient mortality.

Main Results:

  • 57.7% of patients presented with myocarditis and 26.8% had coronary artery aneurysms.
  • 45.1% required intensive care support, and 29.6% needed inotropic agents.
  • 91.5% received IVIG, with all patients responding favorably to therapy and zero mortality.

Conclusions:

  • MIS-C commonly presents with significant cardiac pathology in children.
  • IVIG is an effective treatment for MIS-C, leading to positive clinical responses and preventing mortality.
  • Aggressive management, including ICU support and inotropes when necessary, is crucial for favorable outcomes in severe MIS-C cases.

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