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Prevalence of Acute Kidney Injury in Covid-19 Patients- Retrospective Single-Center Study
Ahmed Muhammad Bashir1, Mahad Sadik Mukhtar2, Yahye Garad Mohamed3
1Department of Internal Medicine, Mogadishu Somali Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Insights
Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 12.7% of COVID-19 patients, correlating with inflammatory markers like CRP and ferritin. Early vigilance for kidney injury is crucial, especially in severe COVID-19 cases.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to widespread global health challenges.
- Beyond respiratory distress, COVID-19 is associated with multi-organ involvement, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its systemic effects.
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an emerging concern in COVID-19 patients, impacting prognosis and requiring further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of AKI in COVID-19 patients.
- To investigate the relationship between inflammatory markers (CRP, ferritin) and AKI in COVID-19.
- To assess the association between lung involvement severity and AKI in COVID-19 patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 102 COVID-19 patients admitted during the second wave in 2021.
- Collection of demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory values (hemoglobin, platelets, WBC, glucose, urea, creatinine, electrolytes, CRP, ferritin), RT-PCR results, and CT scan findings.
- Statistical analysis to determine the prevalence of AKI and its association with inflammatory markers and lung injury severity.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of AKI among COVID-19 patients was 12.7%.
- Significant associations were found between AKI and elevated CRP (P<0.003) and ferritin (P<0.004).
- Severe lung involvement on CT scans showed significant associations with higher CRP (P<0.007) and ferritin (P<0.005) levels.
Conclusions:
- AKI is a common complication in COVID-19 patients, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.
- Inflammatory markers such as CRP and ferritin are significantly associated with both AKI and lung injury severity in COVID-19.
- Clinicians, particularly in resource-limited settings, must maintain heightened awareness for kidney injury in patients with severe COVID-19.
Introduction:
In December 2019, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease outbreak started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread rapidly to other regions of the world. Although diffuse alveolar injury and acute respiratory failure were the most prominent characteristics, further investigation of organ involvement is essential.
Aim:
In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in covid-19 patients and also the relationship between inflammatory markers, the severity of lung involvement, and acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients.
Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of 102 COVID-19 patients presented to a tertiary teaching hospital in Mogadishu during the second wave of Covid-19 2021. Patients' age, gender, comorbidities, hemoglobin, platelet, and white blood cell counts, glucose, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, CRP, ferritin, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) Covid-19 test and CT scan findings were all collected.
Results:
The mean age of the patients was 58 (Range 23-91 years), including 64 men and 38 women. The prevalence of acute kidney injury was 12.7%. There was a significant association between acute kidney injury, CRP and ferritin with the p values of P<0.003 and P<0.004, respectively. For severity of lung involvement with computed tomography finding, 35 (34.3%) had mild, 35 (34.3%) had moderate and 32 (31.4%) had severe lung involvement. There was significant association between the lung involvement, Ferritin and CRP levels with P values of P<0.005 and P<0.007 respectively.
Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that acute kidney injury is common in covid-19 patients and can increase the morbidity and mortality of these patients. As a result, clinicians in low-resource countries such as Somalia should be more vigilant about kidney injury in patients with severe COVID-19.
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