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Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...

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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Fluorescence-based Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay to Assess the Susceptibility of Influenza Viruses to The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Class of Antivirals

Fluorescence-based Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay to Assess the Susceptibility of Influenza Viruses to The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Class of Antivirals

Published on: April 15, 2017

Influenza Virus Entry inhibitors.

Jie Yang¹, Shuwen Liu²

¹Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|April 12, 2022

Summary

Developing novel anti-influenza drugs targeting virus entry is crucial due to increasing drug resistance. This review examines influenza entry inhibitors and their clinical trial performance, offering insights into future antiviral strategies.

Keywords:

Entry inhibitors Hemagglutinin Influenza virus Therapeutics Virus entry

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Area of Science:

Virology
Drug Discovery
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Influenza poses significant global health and economic challenges.
Emerging drug resistance necessitates novel antiviral therapies.
Virus entry is a critical step in the influenza life cycle, making it a key target for antiviral intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development of influenza entry inhibitors.
To analyze the clinical trial performance of various entry inhibitors.
To discuss open questions and assay methods for influenza virus entry inhibitors.

Main Methods:

Literature review of published studies on influenza entry inhibitors.
Analysis of clinical trial data for small molecule, natural product, and peptide-based inhibitors.
Overview of assay methodologies for evaluating influenza virus entry inhibition.

Main Results:

Various classes of influenza entry inhibitors have been developed, including small molecules, natural products, and peptides.
Clinical trial data for these inhibitors show varying degrees of efficacy and safety.
Established and emerging assay methods are available for assessing inhibitor performance.

Conclusions:

Targeting virus entry is a promising strategy for combating influenza infections, especially resistant strains.
Further research and development are needed to optimize existing entry inhibitors and discover new ones.
Standardized assay methods are essential for consistent evaluation of anti-influenza entry inhibitors.