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Transcending Dimensions in Apicomplexan Research: from Two-Dimensional to Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cultures
Carlos J Ramírez-Flores1, Andrés M Tibabuzo Perdomo1, Gina M Gallego-López1,2
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR
|April 12, 2022
Summary
Three-dimensional (3D) systems offer novel ways to study Apicomplexa parasites, overcoming limitations of traditional animal models. These advanced models enable exploration of previously inaccessible parasite life stages and host-pathogen interactions.
Area of Science:
- Parasitology
- Cell Biology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Apicomplexa are highly successful pathogens causing significant human and veterinary health issues.
- Research on Apicomplexa is hindered by ethical and practical challenges with natural hosts and limited animal models.
- Certain Apicomplexa life stages remain unstudied due to experimental limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in utilizing three-dimensional (3D) systems for Apicomplexa research.
- To highlight diverse 3D strategies successfully applied to studying these parasites.
- To explore the potential of 3D systems for investigating less-studied Apicomplexa organisms.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on 3D systems in Apicomplexa research.
- Analysis of various 3D models including organoids, scaffolds, microfluidics, and organs-on-a-chip.
- Examination of host-pathogen interaction studies using 3D systems.
Main Results:
- 3D systems provide viable alternatives to animal models for studying Apicomplexa.
- These systems facilitate research on previously inaccessible parasite life stages and interactions.
- 3D models enable advancements in diagnostics, vaccine development, and drug testing for Apicomplexa infections.
Conclusions:
- 3D systems represent a significant breakthrough in Apicomplexa research, overcoming previous experimental barriers.
- The application of 3D systems broadens the scope of study for Apicomplexa biology and host interactions.
- This review showcases the versatility of 3D approaches for both well-known and understudied Apicomplexa species.
