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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides
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A Well-Defined Anionic Dicopper(I) Monohydride Complex that Reacts like a Cluster.

Roel L M Bienenmann1, Alexandra J Schanz1, Pascale L Ooms1

  • 1Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers report the first structurally characterized anionic dicopper hydride complex. This novel copper hydride exhibits unique reactivity, differing from typical low-nuclearity copper hydrides due to its stable dinuclear core.

Keywords:
Copper HydridesDinuclear ComplexesExpanded PincerHomogeneous CatalysisHydrosilylation

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Low-nuclearity copper hydrides are scarce, with few dicopper hydrides structurally characterized.
  • Understanding copper hydride reactivity is crucial for catalysis and synthetic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel anionic dicopper hydride complex.
  • To investigate the reactivity of this dicopper hydride and compare it to known copper hydrides.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the anionic dicopper hydride complex.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural characterization.
  • Reactivity studies including stoichiometric and catalytic experiments.

Main Results:

  • The first structurally characterized anionic dicopper hydride complex has been successfully synthesized.
  • The complex displays reactivity distinct from typical low-nuclearity copper hydrides, resembling that of copper hydride clusters.
  • This unique reactivity is attributed to a robust dinuclear copper core stabilized by a dinucleating ligand.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of this anionic dicopper hydride expands the known family of low-nuclearity copper hydrides.
  • The distinct reactivity profile highlights the influence of ligand environment and core structure on copper hydride behavior.
  • This finding offers new avenues for exploring copper-based catalysts with tailored reactivity.