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Quantifying bioirrigation using ecological parameters: a stochastic approach†.

Carla M Koretsky1, Christof Meile2, Philippe Van Cappellen2

  • 1Department of Geosciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.

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|April 12, 2022
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Summary

This study uses 3D burrow network simulations to model benthic macrofauna bioirrigation. The ecological approach improves predictions of sediment biogeochemistry and microbial communities.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Sedimentology
  • Ecological Modeling

Background:

  • Benthic macrofauna bioirrigation significantly impacts sediment biogeochemistry and microbial communities.
  • Current bioirrigation models often lack ecological data and rely on imposed depth-dependencies.
  • Quantitative ecological data is needed to improve bioirrigation models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, ecologically-based approach for modeling bioirrigation intensity and its depth-dependence.
  • To calculate solute-specific bioirrigation coefficients using stochastic simulations of benthic burrow networks.
  • To compare model-derived coefficients with independent chemical estimates.

Main Methods:

  • Stochastic simulations of 3D burrow networks for various benthic macrofauna species.
  • Calculation of burrow densities, volumes, and surface areas as a function of sediment depth.
  • Integration of ecological data (burrow networks) with chemical profiles (sulfate, oxygen) to derive bioirrigation coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Stochastically derived bioirrigation coefficients for sulfate align well with pore water chemistry estimates.
  • Oxygen bioirrigation coefficients from the model are initially higher than those from pore water profiles.
  • Correction for oxygen depletion within burrows improves agreement between model and chemical estimates.

Conclusions:

  • Stochastic modeling of benthic burrow networks provides a robust, ecologically-grounded method for quantifying bioirrigation.
  • This approach enhances the accuracy of predicting sediment biogeochemical processes influenced by macrofauna.
  • The method offers a more mechanistic understanding of solute transport in burrowed sediments.