Sex and Sexual Agreement Negotiation among Trans Women and Trans Men Partnered with Cis Men

Though trans individuals have some of the highest rates of HIV in the U.S., little is known about how trans couples navigate these risks within committed relationships. Thirty-nine couples, composed of one trans partner and one cis male partner, were asked about their relationship agreements, including sexual negotiations, in semi-structured, qualitative interviews. Couples reported definitions of monogamy and non-monogamy that were inconsistent with previous literature, each ranging as if on a continuum. While agreements varied, most non-monogamous couples reported a focus on safe sex practices and HIV risk mitigation, specifically highlighting negotiations around fluid exchange or fluid bonding. Changes in sexual desire arose for many couples, often due to hormonal changes during gender-affirming measures. Most couples navigated these shifts successfully, by changing their relationship agreement or sexual practices. Changing sexual behavior included addressing motivations for sex that were unrelated to one's own sexual pleasure; this motivation is called "maintenance sex." Alarmingly, nearly half of the couples interviewed reported discrepant agreements, which is associated with higher sexual risk. With an apparent ambiguity in defining agreements, it is imperative to trans communities' sexual health that relationship agreements are explicitly communicated to partners and healthcare providers.