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Related Concept Videos

What is Conservation Biology?01:57

What is Conservation Biology?

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Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
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Conservation of Small Populations02:04

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

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Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Limits to Natural Selection01:38

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Organisms that are well-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. However, natural selection does not lead to perfectly adapted organisms. Several factors constrain natural selection.
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Keystone Species01:39

Keystone Species

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Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

At-Risk Butterfly Captive Propagation Programs to Enhance Life History Knowledge and Effective Ex Situ Conservation Techniques
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Conservation: Trading species to extinction?

David S Wilcove1

  • 1School of Public and International Affairs and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) shows some success in preventing wildlife trafficking but has significant shortcomings in protecting endangered species from extinction due to trade.

Area of Science:

  • Conservation Biology
  • International Environmental Law
  • Wildlife Trade Policy

Background:

  • The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) aims to regulate international trade in endangered flora and fauna.
  • Illegal and unsustainable wildlife trade poses a significant threat to global biodiversity.
  • Evaluating the effectiveness of CITES is crucial for refining conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of CITES in preventing species extinction driven by international trade.
  • To identify areas where CITES implementation is successful.
  • To pinpoint major deficiencies in the current CITES framework and its enforcement.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of trade data and species population trends.

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  • Review of CITES listed species and trade regulations.
  • Case studies on specific endangered species impacted by trade.

    • Main Results:

    • The study documents instances where CITES has contributed to conservation successes.
    • Significant deficiencies were identified in CITES's ability to curb illegal wildlife trade.
    • Enforcement challenges and varying national implementation limit CITES's overall effectiveness.

    Conclusions:

    • While CITES has achieved partial success, it is not fully equipped to prevent species extinction from trade.
    • Strengthening enforcement mechanisms and international cooperation is essential for improving CITES's effectiveness.
    • Urgent reforms are needed to address the persistent threats posed by international wildlife trade.