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Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

222
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
222
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

256
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
256
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

408
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
408
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

369
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
369
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

367
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
367
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

261
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
261

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Defibrotide Therapy for SARS-CoV-2 ARDS.

David Frame1, Gianni B Scappaticci1, Thomas M Braun2

  • 1Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.

Chest
|April 12, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Defibrotide is safe and well-tolerated for treating severe COVID-19-related ARDS. This study found no serious complications, suggesting potential benefits for patients with this high-mortality condition.

Keywords:
ARDSCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2defibrotide

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Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
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Surfactant Depletion Combined with Injurious Ventilation Results in a Reproducible Model of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARDS
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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in SARS-CoV-2 infections involves endothelial dysfunction and coagulation pathway dysregulation.
  • Defibrotide, a polyanionic compound, exhibits fibrinolytic, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • The thrombotic-fibrinolytic pathway is significantly disrupted in SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and tolerability of defibrotide in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • To assess the efficacy of defibrotide in managing SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective, open-label, single-center safety trial was conducted.
  • Eligible participants (≥18 years) had SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS, elevated D-dimer, and no active bleeding.
  • Defibrotide (6.25 mg/kg IV q6h) was administered for 7 days, with daily monitoring of D-dimer and respiratory function.

Main Results:

  • Twelve patients received defibrotide; none experienced hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications.
  • Four patients met the day 7 pulmonary response criteria, showing decreased D-dimer levels within 72 hours.
  • Day 30 all-cause mortality was 17%; patients with a baseline PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≥125 mm Hg survived, while those with <125 mm Hg died.

Conclusions:

  • Defibrotide administration for SARS-CoV-2-related ARDS demonstrated safety and tolerability.
  • The study observed promising outcomes in a patient group with historically high mortality rates.
  • Further investigation into defibrotide's efficacy for severe COVID-19 is warranted.