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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Neonatal Compartment Syndrome and Compound Presentation at Birth.

Abra H Shen1, Ruth Tevlin1, Matthew D Kwan2

  • 1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.

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|April 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal compartment syndrome, a rare condition, requires early diagnosis and fasciotomy for optimal outcomes. A sentinel skin lesion is a key diagnostic indicator in affected newborns.

Keywords:
FasciotomyManometryNeonatal compartment syndromeSentinel skin lesion

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Neonatal compartment syndrome (NCS) is a rare but serious condition requiring prompt intervention.
  • Early diagnosis and surgical management, specifically fasciotomy, are critical for improving patient outcomes.
  • The time to fasciotomy is the most significant prognostic factor in NCS.

Observation:

  • This study presents a case of NCS in a neonate with a compound birth presentation.
  • The neonate exhibited a sentinel skin lesion, a crucial clinical sign.
  • Fingers were noted on cervical examination 24 hours prior to delivery, indicating a complex presentation.

Findings:

  • A literature review identified 60 patients with NCS across 26 studies.
  • The majority of patients were managed with operative intervention.
  • A sentinel skin lesion was consistently present in all reviewed cases, highlighting its diagnostic importance.

Implications:

  • The sentinel skin lesion is a vital clinical sign for diagnosing neonatal compartment syndrome.
  • Current diagnostic practices lack standardized manometry protocols for NCS.
  • Timely fasciotomy remains the cornerstone of treatment to optimize outcomes in neonatal compartment syndrome.