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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...

Conformations of Cyclohexane

Conformations of Cyclohexane

Cyclohexane does not exist in a planar form due to the high angle and torsional strain it would experience in the planar structure. Instead, it adopts non-planar chair and boat conformations.
The chair form is the most stable and derives its name from its resemblance to the “easy chair.” In the chair conformation, two carbon atoms are arranged out-of-plane — one above and one below, minimizing the torsional strain. In the chair form, the bond angle is very close to the ideal...

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes

This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Probing C84-embedded Si Substrate Using Scanning Probe Microscopy and Molecular Dynamics

Published on: September 28, 2016

Designing stable binary endohedral fullerene lattices.

Abigail Miller¹, Matthew Halstead¹, Elena Besley¹

¹School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. anthony.stace@notiingham.ac.uk.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|April 13, 2022

Summary

This study proposes stable nanoparticle lattices from charged endohedral fullerenes. These novel structures, utilizing Coulomb interactions, offer enhanced stability for future electronic and optical devices.

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Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Endohedral fullerenes and nanoparticle lattices are key for advanced devices.
Encapsulating atoms within fullerene cages alters their surface charge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the formation of stable nanoparticle lattices using binary collections of charged endohedral fullerenes.
To explore the potential of these structures for electronic, magnetic, and optical applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized van der Waals and many-body electrostatic interaction calculations.
Modeled binary combinations of endohedral fullerenes, such as metal (A) and halogen (B) types.
Investigated AB and AB2 stoichiometries.

Main Results:

Predicted the formation of stable nanoparticle lattices from charged endohedral fullerenes.
Coulomb interactions are primary drivers of stability, enhanced by charge-induced and van der Waals forces.
Some predicted lattice structures exhibit 3-4 times greater stability than neutral C60 structures.

Conclusions:

Stable nanoparticle lattices can be designed from binary endohedral fullerene collections.
These structures offer significantly enhanced stability, paving the way for novel electronic and optical materials.
The study provides a theoretical framework for fabricating advanced nanomaterials.