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Heart Valves

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...

Free Jet

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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

Gradually Varying Flow

Gradually Varying Flow

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Bernoulli's Equation for Flow Along a Streamline

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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Noninvasive Determination of Vortex Formation Time Using Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiac Surgery

Published on: November 28, 2018

Controlling the Flow Separation in Heart Valves Using Vortex Generators.

Zhenyu Wang^1,2, Lakshmi Prasad Dasi³, Hoda Hatoum^4,5

¹Simulation Innovation and Modeling Center (SIMCenter), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

|April 13, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Vortex generators (VGs) improve blood flow in mechanical heart valves by reducing damaging turbulence. Co-rotating VGs are more effective than counter-rotating ones, significantly lowering blood damage risk.

Keywords:

Bi-leaflet mechanical valves Blood damage CFD Reynolds shear stress Turbulent kinetic energy production Vortex generators

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Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Engineering
Biomedical Fluid Dynamics
Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Mechanical bi-leaflet heart valves are crucial for treating valvular heart disease.
Hemodynamic performance, including blood damage, remains a key challenge in artificial heart valve design.
Flow separation and turbulence generated by artificial valves can lead to adverse clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of vortex generators (VGs) in improving the hemodynamic performance of mechanical bi-leaflet heart valves.
To compare the effects of co-rotating and counter-rotating VG configurations on flow physics and blood damage.
To assess the potential of VGs as a passive flow control strategy.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was conducted.
Simulations compared three configurations: a control valve, a valve with co-rotating VGs, and a valve with counter-rotating VGs.
Detailed flow fields were analyzed to understand turbulence, shear stress, and blood damage.

Main Results:

Vortex generators significantly reduce flow separation over the heart valve leaflets.
Co-rotating VGs demonstrated superior performance over counter-rotating VGs in reducing Reynolds shear stress (RSS) and turbulent kinetic energy production.
The co-rotating VG configuration resulted in a 4.7% reduction in blood damage compared to the control, while the counter-rotating configuration showed a 3.7% increase.

Conclusions:

Co-rotating vortex generators represent a promising passive flow control technique for mechanical heart valves.
Implementing co-rotating VGs can effectively mitigate hemodynamic factors contributing to blood damage.
This approach offers potential for enhancing the longevity and safety of artificial heart valve devices.