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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Synthesis of Immunotargeted Magneto-plasmonic Nanoclusters
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Nontoxic In Vivo Clearable Nanoparticle Clusters for Theranostic Applications.

Pranjali Yadav1, Mimansa1, Rafika Munawara2

  • 1Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|April 13, 2022
PubMed
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Gold-iron oxide nanoclusters (GIONs) show promise for cancer theranostics, offering enhanced imaging and treatment. These GIONs effectively kill cancer cells when combined with radiation and NIR laser, with minimal toxicity in mice.

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Development of multifunctional nanoplatforms for theranostic applications is crucial.
  • Iron oxide core nanoclusters with gold seed (GS) coating offer unique magnetic and optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize gold-coated iron oxide nanoclusters (GIONs) for theranostic applications.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of GIONs in cancer treatment and their potential for imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of GIONs with gold seed coating on an iron oxide core.
  • Characterization of optical properties (NIR absorbance) and photothermal response.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays with human umbilical vein endothelial cells and PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells.
Keywords:
Fenton reactionhepatobiliary clearancemagnetic resonance imagingnanoparticle clustersphotoacoustic imagingphotothermal therapyradiosensitizationrenal clearance

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  • In vivo studies in C57BL/6 mice to assess toxicity and biodistribution.
  • Evaluation of magnetic resonance and photoacoustic imaging capabilities.

    • Main Results:

    • GIONs exhibited broad NIR absorbance at ~750 nm due to plasmon coupling.
    • NIR laser triggered a concentration-dependent photothermal response.
    • GIONs showed good biocompatibility and disintegrated at lysosomal pH.
    • Combined GIONs and gamma-irradiation killed ~50% of hepatoma cells, further reduced to ~10% with sequential NIR laser exposure.
    • GIONs demonstrated high T2 relaxivity for MRI and strong photoacoustic signals for imaging.
    • No organ damage or acute inflammatory response was observed in mice.

    Conclusions:

    • GIONs are a promising theranostic platform with tunable photothermal properties and imaging capabilities.
    • GIONs enhance cancer cell killing when combined with radiation and photothermal therapy.
    • The nanoclusters exhibit favorable biocompatibility and biodistribution profiles for potential clinical translation.