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This study evaluates blockchain for personal health records (PHR), finding current systems are not robust for large-scale use. Performance metrics show significant latency and lower throughput compared to traditional databases, highlighting concerns for real-world PHR applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Distributed ledger technology
  • Health informatics
  • Blockchain applications

Background:

  • Blockchain architectures offer potential for patient control over personal health records (PHR).
  • Existing research often describes blockchain models for PHR without assessing their feasibility and robustness for widespread adoption.
  • Ensuring patient data control is a key goal for blockchain-based PHR systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel ledger-oriented architecture for a secure and manageable personal health record system.
  • To assess the feasibility and performance of a permissioned distributed network for PHR management.
  • To emphasize the need for standardized metrics in evaluating blockchain networks for healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a blockchain-based PHR architecture using Hyperledger Fabric.
  • Utilized Hyperledger Caliper for performance assessment under varying workloads and network sizes.
  • Measured throughput (transactions per second) and average latency as key performance indicators.

Main Results:

  • Write operations achieved throughputs around 10^2 tps and latencies of 10^1 seconds in a 3-peer network.
  • Read operations demonstrated higher throughputs (up to 10^3 tps) and lower latencies (around 10^0 seconds).
  • Increasing network size from 3 to 13 peers reduced write throughput to 10^1 tps and increased latency to 10^2 seconds.

Conclusions:

  • This is the first evaluation of a PHR blockchain architecture's performance using Hyperledger Caliper, including individual smart contract analysis.
  • Current blockchain systems exhibit performance significantly lower than traditional distributed databases for PHR.
  • Further assessment and optimization are crucial before deploying blockchain solutions for personal health records in production environments.