Lacrimal gland choristomas

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Pathology
• Genetics

Background:

• Lacrimal gland choristomas are rare congenital tumors composed of normal lacrimal gland tissue found in abnormal locations.
• This review synthesizes existing literature on lacrimal gland choristomas, focusing on their varied presentations and clinical significance.

Observation:

• A case of intraconal lacrimal gland tissue is presented with magnetic resonance imaging findings.
• A comprehensive literature search identified 113 cases of lacrimal gland choristomas between 1887 and 2019.
• Lesions were predominantly found on the ocular surface (46 cases) or in the orbit (34 cases), with fewer occurrences in the intraocular region (18 cases), eyelids (10 cases), and lacrimal drainage system (3 cases).

Findings:

• Orbital choristomas frequently cause permanent diplopia, while intraocular choristomas are associated with poor visual prognosis and enucleation.
• Experimental induction of corneal lacrimal gland choristoma via FGF10 signaling pathway activation was noted.
• Lacrimal gland choristomas can occur in diverse locations adjacent to the globe and its adnexa.

Implications:

• Understanding the varied locations and potential harm of lacrimal gland choristomas is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
• Further research into the developmental pathways, such as FGF10 signaling, may offer insights into choristoma formation and potential therapeutic targets.
• Early detection and appropriate intervention are vital, especially for orbital and intraocular choristomas, to mitigate severe complications and preserve vision.