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Reporter Genes

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Engineering 'Golden' Fluorescence by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids and Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence

Engineering 'Golden' Fluorescence by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids and Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence

Published on: April 27, 2018

Cyan fluorescent proteins derived from mNeonGreen.

Landon Zarowny¹, Damien Clavel², Ryan Johannson¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2G2, Canada.

Protein Engineering, Design & Selection : PEDS

|April 13, 2022

Summary

Researchers modified mNeonGreen, a bright fluorescent protein, to create new variants with altered colors. These engineered fluorescent proteins, like NeonCyan1, show potential for live cell imaging applications.

Keywords:

crystal structure fluorescence microscopy fluorescent protein protein engineering tryptophan-derived chromophore

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Biophysics

Background:

mNeonGreen is a highly fluorescent protein derived from lancelet, serving as a bright homolog of Aequorea victoria jellyfish green fluorescent protein (avGFP).
Investigating modifications to mNeonGreen's chromophore structure aims to alter its fluorescent hue while retaining brightness.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the retention of bright fluorescence in mNeonGreen homologs with modified chromophore structures and altered hues.
To engineer novel fluorescent protein variants with distinct spectral properties.

Main Methods:

Substitution of the key tyrosine residue in the mNeonGreen chromophore with other aromatic amino acids.
Structural, computational, and photophysical characterization of engineered variants, including NeonCyan1.

Main Results:

mNeonGreen showed limited tolerance to chromophore modification compared to avGFP.
A novel cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)-type variant, NeonCyan1, with a tryptophan-derived chromophore was successfully created.
Two additional mutants with distinct spectral hues were generated.
Characterization provided insights into factors controlling fluorescence emission color.

Conclusions:

Engineered mNeonGreen variants, such as NeonCyan1, can exhibit distinct spectral hues.
While not direct replacements for existing CFP variants, NeonCyan1 variants show potential utility in live cell imaging.