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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

46.2K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
46.2K
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.9K
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

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The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same...
4.7K
Hearing01:31

Hearing

53.2K
When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
53.2K
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

638
The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

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From Microphone to Phoneme: An End-to-End Computational Neural Model for Predicting Speech Perception With Cochlear

Tim Brochier, Josef Schlittenlacher, Iwan Roberts

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |April 13, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a computational model for predicting speech perception in cochlear implant (CI) users. The model accurately replicates human perception patterns and identifies information bottlenecks in CI devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computational neuroscience
    • Bioengineering
    • Auditory neurophysiology

    Background:

    • Neuroprostheses, like cochlear implants (CI), are vital for restoring function.
    • Computational models accelerate the development and optimization of neuroprostheses.
    • Predicting speech perception in CI users is crucial for improving device efficacy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an end-to-end computational model for predicting speech perception in cochlear implant users.
    • To utilize artificial neural networks and biological system models for virtual prototyping.
    • To analyze information degradation within the CI processing chain.

    Main Methods:

    • Integrated CI signal processing, a finite element model of the electrically-stimulated cochlea, and an auditory nerve model.
    • Employed an automatic speech recognition neural network to extract phoneme-level speech perception from neural responses.
    • Validated model predictions against human CI listener data.

    Main Results:

    • The model accurately predicted speech perception and misperception patterns observed in human CI users.
    • It captured phoneme-specific perceptibility differences and the impact of stimulation parameters and noise.
    • Information transmission analysis revealed the electrode-neural interface as the primary information bottleneck.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed end-to-end model successfully replicated phoneme-level CI speech perception.
    • It provided a quantitative measure of information degradation throughout the CI processing chain.
    • This modeling approach holds significant promise for advancing neuroprosthesis development and optimization.