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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Next-Generation CAR T-cell Therapies.

Regina M Young^1,2, Nils W Engel¹, Ugur Uslu¹

¹Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Cancer Discovery

|April 13, 2022

Summary

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows promise for blood cancers but needs further innovation. Future CAR T-cells aim for enhanced potency, persistence, and reduced toxicity for broader applications.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Biotechnology

Background:

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies targeting CD19 and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are FDA-approved for certain B-cell and plasma cell malignancies.
These therapies have demonstrated significant efficacy in refractory hematologic cancers, acting as persistent
living drugs
for over a decade in some patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight recent innovations in CAR T-cell therapy.
To discuss advancements toward more potent and universal cellular immunotherapies.
To address remaining unmet needs in hematologic malignancies and solid cancers.

Main Methods:

Review of recent innovations in gene engineering and synthetic biology for CAR T-cell development.
Exploration of strategies to enhance CAR T-cell functionality and persistence.
Consideration of combining autologous CAR T-cells with allogeneic cell strategies.

Main Results:

Next-generation CAR T cells are being engineered for improved functionality, persistence, and reduced toxicity.
Strategies are emerging to target the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
Combination therapies hold promise for broadening the impact of CAR T-cell treatments.

Conclusions:

Despite successes, significant unmet needs persist in CAR T-cell therapy for various cancers.
Future CAR T-cell therapies will leverage advanced gene engineering and synthetic biology.
Combining autologous CAR T-cells with allogeneic strategies may expand therapeutic reach.