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Related Concept Videos

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Anatomy of Respiratory System II: Lower Respiratory Tract01:31

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The lower respiratory tract is anatomically composed of several vital structures, including the larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, alveoli, lungs, and pleurae. Each component has a specific function, and all are intricately connected to ensure efficient respiration.
The Larynx
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Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

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Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
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COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Studying Microbial Communities In Vivo: A Model of Host-mediated Interaction Between Candida Albicans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in the Airways
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The lung-brain axis: A new frontier in host-microbe interactions.

Rossana Azzoni1, Benjamin J Marsland1

  • 1Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Immunity
|April 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The lung microbiome influences autoimmune brain inflammation. This study reveals how lung microbes modulate the severity of central nervous system autoimmune diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The gut microbiome significantly impacts immune system function and disease development.
  • The role of the lung microbiome in systemic immunity and neurological conditions is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of the lung microbiome on autoimmune inflammation in the brain.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which lung microbes regulate neuroinflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models of autoimmune brain inflammation.
  • Analyzed the composition of the lung microbiome.
  • Assessed immune cell populations and inflammatory markers in the brain.

Main Results:

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Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury
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  • The lung microbiome composition was found to correlate with the severity of autoimmune brain inflammation.
  • Specific lung microbial species were identified as key regulators of neuroinflammation.
  • Modulation of the lung microbiome altered the magnitude of brain autoimmune responses.

Conclusions:

  • The lung microbiome plays a critical role in modulating the severity of autoimmune brain inflammation.
  • Targeting the lung microbiome presents a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune neurological disorders.