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Thermophotovoltaic efficiency of 40.

Alina LaPotin1, Kevin L Schulte2, Myles A Steiner2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

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|April 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells that convert infrared light to electricity with over 40% efficiency. These high-bandgap tandem cells utilize spectral filtering and back reflectors, paving the way for efficient thermal energy storage and grid decarbonization.

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Area of Science:

  • Energy Conversion and Storage
  • Materials Science
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Thermophotovoltaics (TPVs) convert infrared light to electricity using the photovoltaic effect, offering potential for high-temperature energy storage and conversion.
  • Despite theoretical efficiencies exceeding 50%, demonstrated TPV efficiencies have been limited to 32% at temperatures below 1,300°C.
  • Previous TPVs achieved 29% efficiency at 2,000°C using integrated back surface reflectors and tungsten emitters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and measure the efficiency of high-bandgap tandem TPV cells optimized for high-temperature operation (1,900-2,400°C).
  • To demonstrate TPV cells exceeding 40% efficiency and evaluate their potential for thermal energy grid storage applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of two-junction TPV cells using III-V materials with bandgaps between 1.0 and 1.4 eV.
  • Optimization of cells for high emitter temperatures (1,900-2,400°C) utilizing band-edge spectral filtering.
  • Implementation of highly reflective back surface reflectors to reject sub-bandgap radiation back to the emitter.

Main Results:

  • A 1.4/1.2 eV TPV device achieved a maximum efficiency of 41.1% at 2,400°C and a power density of 2.39 W/cm².
  • A 1.2/1.0 eV TPV device reached a maximum efficiency of 39.3% at 2,127°C and a power density of 1.8 W/cm².
  • Experimental demonstration of high efficiency in high-bandgap tandem TPV cells.

Conclusions:

  • The developed high-bandgap tandem TPV cells demonstrate efficiencies exceeding 40%, significantly advancing the field.
  • These TPV cells are suitable for integration into thermal energy grid storage systems, enabling dispatchable renewable energy.
  • This research provides a pathway for achieving high efficiency and low cost in thermal energy storage, crucial for electricity grid decarbonization.