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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Guided Protocol for Fecal Microbial Characterization by 16S rRNA-Amplicon Sequencing
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Intestinal microbiota research from a global perspective.

Jordyn T Wallenborn1,2, Pascale Vonaesch3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.

Gastroenterology Report
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The human intestinal microbiota is vital for health, influencing diseases and health disparities. Understanding its composition and modulation is key for life-course health and global well-being.

Keywords:
environmentgeographic influenceglobal healthgut microbiomeintestinal microbiota studiessocietal impact

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Human health and disease
  • Global public health

Background:

  • The intestinal microbiota significantly impacts human health and disease.
  • Alterations in microbiota composition are linked to major global diseases.
  • Understanding microbiota dynamics is crucial for health promotion and reducing disparities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a foundation for understanding factors shaping human intestinal microbiota.
  • To explore interventions for promoting life-course health and reducing global health disparities.
  • To highlight the connection between the intestinal microbiota and the broader ecosystem.

Main Methods:

  • Review of early-life microbial exposures (first 1,000 days).
  • Analysis of long-term impacts of environmental and cultural factors.
  • Discussion of public health threats related to microbiota, including antimicrobial resistance and biodiversity loss.

Main Results:

  • Early-life exposures and long-term environmental/cultural factors significantly impact intestinal microbiota.
  • Globalization contributes to antimicrobial resistance and loss of microbial diversity.
  • The intestinal microbiota is intricately linked with the larger ecosystem.

Conclusions:

  • Interventions targeting the intestinal microbiota can promote life-course health.
  • Conserving microbial diversity is essential for global health.
  • Future research should integrate ecosystem-level understanding with microbiota studies.