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SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Early Infancy: A National Cohort From Saudi Arabia

Lana A Shaiba1,2, Adnan Hadid1,2, Khalid Altirkawi1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|April 14, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in infants under 90 days is not rare and presents differently based on age. This study highlights varied clinical features and outcomes in neonatal and post-neonatal groups.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exist on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in infants under 90 days.
  • Existing reports on presentation and outcomes are conflicting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants up to 90 days old.
  • To analyze variations in presentation based on age groups within the first 90 days of life.

Main Methods:

  • An ambispective cohort study was conducted using data from Saudi Arabia's Health Electronic Surveillance Network.
  • Infants under 90 days with positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests were categorized into early neonatal (0-6 days), late neonatal (7-27 days), and post-neonatal (28-90 days) groups.
  • Clinical data and outcomes were collected retrospectively from parents.

Main Results:

  • Out of 1,793 infants, 898 were included. Infants in the early neonatal group often lacked infection symptoms (tested due to maternal positivity).
  • Fever and respiratory symptoms were common in late neonatal and post-neonatal groups.
  • Hospitalization was highest in the early neonatal group (80%), with an overall mortality of 1.6%.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants under 90 days may be more common than previously thought.
  • Clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants varies significantly with age at diagnosis.
Abstract

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2Saudi Arabiacohortearly infancynationalpositivity

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