Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

46.5K
Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
46.5K
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

2.6K
Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
2.6K
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

5.3K
Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
5.3K
Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte02:33

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

29.3K
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
29.3K
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

7.5K
Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
7.5K
Introduction to Seed Plants03:40

Introduction to Seed Plants

63.3K
Most plants are seed plants—characterized by seeds, pollen, and reduced gametophytes. Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.
63.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Plastid acyl carrier proteins play redundant roles in seed oil accumulation with functional differentiation on the fatty acid flux.

Plant cell reports·2026
Same author

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 and Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 evolved independently in Brassicales and play roles in seed oil accumulation rather than plant growth and development.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Key Molecular Events in PM<sub>2.5</sub>-Induced Lung Injury: Autophagy and Ferroptosis Mediated by the <i>miR-212-5p</i>/<i>RASSF1</i> Axis.

Cells·2026
Same author

Differential Toxicity of Water-Soluble Versus Water-Insoluble Components of Cowshed PM2.5 on Ovarian Granulosa Cells and the Regulatory Role of Txnip in Overall Toxicity.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

The Effector RipAW Enhances Ralstonia solanacearum Invasion in Arabidopsis via CBP60g/SARD1-Dependent and -Independent Pathways.

Molecular plant pathology·2026
Same author

PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced lung injury in rats: Identification of differential circRNAs and analysis of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks.

Ecotoxicology and environmental safety·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

In Vivo Visualization of Calcium Transients during Fertilization and Early Development in C. elegans
05:11

In Vivo Visualization of Calcium Transients during Fertilization and Early Development in C. elegans

Published on: July 12, 2024

601

Multiple caleosins have overlapping functions in oil accumulation and embryo development.

Xiangling Liu1, Zheng Yang, Yun Wang1

  • 1College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|April 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Major seed caleosins (CLO) are crucial for oil accumulation and embryo development in Arabidopsis. Disrupting CLO function significantly reduces oil content and impairs seed germination and embryo formation.

Keywords:
Arabidopsis thalianacaleosinlipid dropletoil accumulationseed developmenttriacylglycerol

More Related Videos

Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
06:28

Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds

Published on: May 16, 2025

490
A Protocol for Immunohistochemistry and RNA In-situ Distribution within Early Drosophila Embryo
14:34

A Protocol for Immunohistochemistry and RNA In-situ Distribution within Early Drosophila Embryo

Published on: May 6, 2022

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 27, 2025

In Vivo Visualization of Calcium Transients during Fertilization and Early Development in C. elegans
05:11

In Vivo Visualization of Calcium Transients during Fertilization and Early Development in C. elegans

Published on: July 12, 2024

601
Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
06:28

Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds

Published on: May 16, 2025

490
A Protocol for Immunohistochemistry and RNA In-situ Distribution within Early Drosophila Embryo
14:34

A Protocol for Immunohistochemistry and RNA In-situ Distribution within Early Drosophila Embryo

Published on: May 6, 2022

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Caleosins are proteins associated with lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum.
  • Their precise roles in plant oil accumulation and seed development require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of seed-expressed caleosins in Arabidopsis thaliana, focusing on their role in oil accumulation and embryo development.
  • To identify key caleosin genes involved in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis in developing seeds.
  • Creation and analysis of single, double, and quadruple caleosin mutants (RNAi lines).
  • Complementation experiments, triacylglycerol content measurement, and transcriptome analysis.

Main Results:

  • Four caleosin genes (CLO1, CLO2, CLO4, CLO6) were identified in developing seeds.
  • Double mutants exhibited decreased oil content and seed weight, while quadruple RNAi lines showed severe oil reduction, altered fatty acid composition, smaller lipid droplets, and germination defects.
  • CLO1 complemented the clo1 clo2 mutant phenotype, and CLO1 overexpression enhanced triacylglycerol content.

Conclusions:

  • Major seed-expressed caleosins possess overlapping functions in regulating oil accumulation.
  • These caleosins also exhibit pleiotropic effects, influencing crucial aspects of embryo development and seed viability.
  • Understanding caleosin function provides insights into plant lipid metabolism and seed development.