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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

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Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
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Nutritional Epigenetics in Cancer.

Maria J Barrero1,2, Paloma Cejas3,4,5, Henry W Long3,4

  • 1Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.

Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
|April 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Diet significantly impacts cancer development by influencing epigenetics. Dietary components, including plant bioactives, can modify chromatin and RNA regulation, offering potential for cancer prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
DNA methylationRNA modificationsbioactivesenhancerhistone modificationsmetabolismobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Cancer Biology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic alterations are crucial in cancer development and progression.
  • Environmental factors, particularly diet, profoundly influence epigenetic regulation.
  • Diet provides substrates for epigenetic enzymes and bioactive compounds that modulate their activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of diet on epigenetic mechanisms.
  • To discuss the role of diet in chromatin and RNA regulation.
  • To explore the implications for cancer prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of dietary components and their epigenetic effects.
  • Discussion of plant bioactives and their enzyme-modulating properties.

Main Results:

  • Diet influences epigenetic mechanisms through metabolic substrates and bioactive compounds.
  • Specific dietary factors can alter chromatin and RNA modifications.
  • Plant-derived bioactives show potential for direct epigenetic enzyme modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Diet plays a significant role in cancer epigenetics.
  • Dietary interventions targeting epigenetic pathways may offer novel cancer prevention strategies.
  • Understanding diet-epigenetics interactions is key for developing new cancer treatments.