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Dynamic modulation of inequality aversion in human interpersonal negotiations.

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Human social decisions in resource distribution are influenced by proposer emotions and fairness. Affective reactions dynamically alter perceptions of inequality, making initially rejected offers more acceptable over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Resource distribution negotiations are key to social interactions.
  • Mechanisms of human decision-making in evolving social environments are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate decision-making in a dynamic Ultimatum Game (UG).
  • Examine the influence of proposer emotions and offer fairness on acceptance rates.
  • Understand the role of inequality aversion and affective modulation in social decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Iterative Ultimatum Game (UG) with probabilistic sampling of proposer emotions and offers.
  • Model-free and model-based analyses of participant decisions.
  • Measurement of pupil size to assess central arousal systems.

Main Results:

  • Proposer facial emotions and offer amounts significantly impact acceptance rates.
  • Inequality aversion guides decisions in the UG.
  • Proposer's affective reactions modulate perceived self-other inequality, influencing decision values.
  • Affective load increases offer acceptability (predictive accuracy ~86%).
  • Pupil-linked arousal selectively encodes self-other inequality magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • Affective influence makes aversion to inequality a malleable cognitive process.
  • Facial emotions dynamically adjust perceptions of fairness in resource distribution.
  • Central arousal systems play a role in evaluating subjective decision values related to inequality.