A review on the structural dependent optical properties and energy transfer of Mn⁴⁺ and multiple ion-codoped complex...

The tetravalent manganese Mn⁴⁺ ions with a 3d³ electron configuration as luminescence centers in solid-state inorganic compounds have been widely investigated because they emit bright light in the red to far-red region when they are excited by light with a wavelength in the UV to blue light region. Herein, we present an overview of the recent developments of Mn⁴⁺ and multiple ion such as Bi³⁺ and rare earth ion Dy³⁺, Nd³⁺, Yb³⁺, Er³⁺, Ho³⁺, and Tm³⁺ codoped complex oxide phosphors. Most of the specified host lattices of these complex oxide phosphors possess multiple metallic cations, which provide possible substitutions with different codopants and form various luminescence centers with diverse spectra. The luminescence of Mn⁴⁺ and multiple ion-codoped materials spans almost the whole visible light to near infrared (NIR) region. The crystal structures of complex oxide phosphors, the spectroscopic properties of Mn⁴⁺, and the energy transfer between Mn⁴⁺ and multiple ions are introduced and summarized in detail with regard to their practical applications. This review provides an insight into the optical properties of Mn⁴⁺ and the energy transfer process in multiple ion-codoped luminescence materials, which will be helpful in the development of novel excellent materials for applications in the lighting industry.