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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 27, 2025

Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
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Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells

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Targeting mutations in cancer.

Michael R Waarts1,2,3,4, Aaron J Stonestrom2,3,4,5, Young C Park2,3,4

  • 1Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|April 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeted cancer therapies, driven by genetic sequencing, offer improved outcomes for some cancers. Further research is needed to maximize benefits for all patients with targetable mutations.

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Defining Gene Functions in Tumorigenesis by Ex vivo Ablation of Floxed Alleles in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Targeted therapies have become crucial in cancer treatment over the last 20 years.
  • Advances in sequencing technology have enhanced understanding of cancer's mutational landscape and genetic drivers.
  • Tumor genetic testing is now vital for selecting appropriate targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on targetable mutations across various cancers.
  • To highlight key examples of druggable mutations and their targeting strategies.
  • To discuss challenges in maximizing the therapeutic benefits of targeted cancer therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of targeted therapies in oncology.
  • Analysis of genetic sequencing data and mutational landscapes.
  • Examination of clinical trial outcomes and research challenges.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes in certain cancers.
  • Efficacy of targeted approaches varies across different oncologic contexts.
  • Numerous targetable mutations are being identified in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors like lung and breast cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies represent a significant advancement in cancer treatment.
  • Continued research is essential to overcome challenges and expand the efficacy of targeted therapies.
  • Understanding tumor-specific mutations is key to personalized cancer treatment strategies.