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Related Concept Videos

Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
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A Highly Potent SARS-CoV-2 Blocking Lectin Protein.

Recep E Ahan1, Alireza Hanifehnezhad2, Ebru Ş Kehribar1

  • 1UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.

ACS Infectious Diseases
|April 15, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Griffithsin (GRFT) protein effectively blocks SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells and mouse models. This lectin shows promise for preventing transmission of COVID-19 variants like Delta and Omicron.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to millions of deaths globally.
  • Despite increasing vaccination rates, prophylactic drugs remain crucial for controlling viral spread.
  • Repurposed drugs have shown efficacy in reducing severe COVID-19 outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate griffithsin (GRFT) as a potential prophylactic agent against SARS-CoV-2.
  • To assess GRFT's efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta and Omicron.
  • To investigate GRFT's mechanism of action in blocking viral entry.

Main Methods:

  • Testing GRFT's ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and its variants (Delta, Omicron) in Vero E6 cell lines.
  • Evaluating GRFT's effectiveness in IFNAR-/- mouse models.
  • Analyzing GRFT's binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Main Results:

  • Griffithsin (GRFT) demonstrated significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry into Vero E6 cells.
  • GRFT effectively blocked entry of SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Delta and Omicron.
  • GRFT functions by binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, preventing cell entry.

Conclusions:

  • Griffithsin (GRFT) is a potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
  • GRFT-based therapeutics hold promise for preventing COVID-19 transmission, including emerging strains.
  • The lectin's mechanism targeting the spike protein suggests broad applicability against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.