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Gravitational Waves at Strong Coupling from an Effective Action.

Fëanor Reuben Ares1,2, Oscar Henriksson1, Mark Hindmarsh1,2

  • 1Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.

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|April 15, 2022
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We calculated parameters for gravitational waves from a first-order phase transition using a holographic quantum effective action. The model shows potential for observable signals at the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) if the critical temperature is around a TeV.

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy physics
  • Cosmology
  • Gravitational wave astronomy

Background:

  • First-order phase transitions are crucial cosmological events.
  • Holographic duality provides a framework to study strongly coupled quantum field theories.
  • Gravitational waves from such transitions offer a window into the early universe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compute quasiequilibrium parameters for gravitational wave signals from a first-order phase transition.
  • To explore the dependence of phase transition parameters on the effective degrees of freedom in a dual field theory.
  • To assess the potential for detecting these signals with future observatories like LISA.

Main Methods:

  • Holographic derivation of a quantum effective action for a scalar operator at strong coupling.
  • Calculation of quasiequilibrium parameters relevant to gravitational wave emission.
  • Analysis of phase transition parameters as a function of the dual field theory's degrees of freedom.

Main Results:

  • The study provides a method to calculate key parameters for gravitational wave signals from strongly coupled first-order phase transitions.
  • Phase transition characteristics are shown to vary with the effective number of degrees of freedom.
  • An observable gravitational wave signal is possible at LISA for a critical temperature around a TeV, within a specific parameter regime.

Conclusions:

  • The holographic approach offers a viable method for studying early universe phase transitions and their gravitational wave signatures.
  • The findings suggest that future gravitational wave detectors could probe fundamental physics at TeV scales.
  • Approximate conformal symmetry in the dual field theory plays a role in producing observable signals.