Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Oils and Extracts Derived from Sea Buckthorn - A Comprehensive Analysis Utilizing In...

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Biochemistry
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Disturbed glucose metabolism is a significant health concern.
• Sea buckthorn (Hippophaes rhamnoides) has shown promise in managing glucose levels.
• The specific mechanisms of sea buckthorn's effects on glucose metabolism require detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically investigate the effects of sea buckthorn oil and various extracts (fruits, leaves, press cake) on postprandial glucose metabolism.
• To explore the underlying mechanisms, including effects on intestinal glucose absorption, insulin secretion, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation.
• To identify active compounds responsible for the observed hypoglycemic effects.

Main Methods:

• In vitro models for intestinal glucose absorption.
• In vivo studies using chick embryo and nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) models.
• Analysis of insulin secretion and GLUT4 translocation.
• Identification of key bioactive compounds like isorhamnetin.

Main Results:

• Sea buckthorn did not significantly affect intestinal glucose absorption or insulin secretion.
• Sea buckthorn effectively stimulates GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane, enhancing glucose uptake.
• Isorhamnetin was identified as a key compound responsible for triggering GLUT4 localization.
• Sea buckthorn products demonstrated a significant reduction in circulating glucose levels (≈10%) in a chick embryo model and reversed hyperglycemia in C. elegans.

Conclusions:

• Edible sea buckthorn products and by-products are valuable sources for developing hypoglycemic nutrient supplements.
• Sea buckthorn enhances cellular glucose clearance into target tissues, primarily through GLUT4 translocation.
• These findings support the use of sea buckthorn for improving glucose metabolism and managing hyperglycemia.