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Space-variant polarization conversion with artificial birefringent metallic elements.

Stefan Belle, Stefan F Helfert, Stefan Kefer

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    Summary
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    We developed a novel artificial birefringent device capable of space-variant polarization conversion for near-infrared light. This technology enables pixel-wise control over light polarization states, offering new possibilities for optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Polarization control is crucial for various optical applications.
    • Existing methods for polarization conversion can be complex or limited in functionality.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present an artificial birefringent device for space-variant polarization conversion at near-infrared wavelengths.
    • To demonstrate pixel-wise control over the polarization state of light.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a device using approximately 2000 × 2500 hollow waveguides in a 2-µm-thick gold structure.
    • Utilizing femtosecond 3D direct laser writing combined with electroplating for fabrication.
    • Characterization through measurement of angle-dependent transmitted power and calculation of position-dependent ellipticity and phase delay.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved pixel-wise polarization conversion by adjusting individual hollow waveguide dimensions.
    • Demonstrated a birefringent phase shift up to 2π.
    • Successfully converted polarization states, for example, from linear to circular.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed artificial birefringent structure functions as a space-variant polarization converter.
    • The device offers precise control over light polarization at the nanoscale.
    • This technology holds potential for advanced optical components and systems.