Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 26, 2025
12:08
Diagonal Method to Measure Synergy Among Any Number of Drugs
Published on: June 21, 2018
18.8K
XY model with competing higher-order interactions
Milan Žukovič1, Georgii Kalagov1
1Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Park Angelinum 9, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
Physical Review. E
|April 16, 2022
Summary
Competing higher-order interactions (HOI) significantly alter the XY model
Area of Science:
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Statistical Mechanics
Background:
- The XY model is a fundamental model in statistical mechanics.
- Understanding critical behavior requires analyzing interactions beyond simple pairwise ones.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of competing higher-order interactions (HOI) on the XY model's critical behavior.
- To explore how alternating signs and decaying intensities of HOI influence phase transitions.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical analysis of a generalized XY model.
- Examination of critical properties under varying numbers of HOI terms (odd/even).
Main Results:
- Odd numbers of HOI terms induce two consecutive ferromagnetic phase transitions.
- Even HOI terms can lead to two transitions, including a canted ferromagnetic phase, under specific conditions.
- Infinite HOI terms result in a single transition, with temperature tunable to near zero.
Conclusions:
- Higher-order interactions introduce rich and complex critical phenomena in the XY model.
- The parity (odd/even) of HOI terms fundamentally dictates the nature and number of phase transitions.
- Competition between HOI terms offers a mechanism to control transition temperatures.
Related Concept Videos
01:14Agonism and Antagonism: Quantification
640
When drugs are administered, they can elicit either an agonist or antagonist effect on the body. Agonism occurs when a drug activates a specific receptor, triggering a biological response. On the other hand, antagonism happens when a drug binds to the same receptors but blocks their activation, thereby preventing a biological response.
To quantify these effects, researchers use a dose-response curve, which provides valuable information about the potency and efficacy of a drug. Potency refers to...
To quantify these effects, researchers use a dose-response curve, which provides valuable information about the potency and efficacy of a drug. Potency refers to...
640
01:13Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model
130
Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...
130
01:14Multicompartment Models: Overview
270
Multicompartment models are mathematical constructs that depict how drugs are distributed and eliminated within the body. They segment the body into several compartments, symbolizing various physiological or anatomical areas connected through drug transfer processes such as absorption, metabolism, distribution, and elimination.
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
These models offer a more comprehensive representation of drug behavior in the body than one-compartment models. They accommodate the complexity of drug distribution,...
270
01:07Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria
432
Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
432
01:29The Two-State Receptor Model
2.5K
The two-state receptor model explains a drug's interaction with receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channels, to induce or inhibit a biological response. When no natural ligands are present, a receptor exists in an equilibrium of inactive (Ri) and active (Ra) conformations. The inactive form does not produce a response, while the active form generates a basal effect known as constitutive activity.
The binding affinity of a drug determines its interaction with...
The binding affinity of a drug determines its interaction with...
2.5K
01:21Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models
179
Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
179