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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Development of Antibiotic Resistance01:30

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

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Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Characterization of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain Derived from Oreochromis spp. Farms Using Whole-Genome Sequencing
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When Enterococcus faecalis becomes a murderer.

Baudouin Bourlond1, Gauthier Pierre-Henri2, Cathy Voide3

  • 1Intensive care unit, Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland.

Annales De Cardiologie Et D'Angeiologie
|April 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of recurrent Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis led to septic coronary embolism, causing acute coronary syndrome and cardiac arrest. This highlights a potentially fatal complication of infective endocarditis.

Keywords:
ECMOEnterococcus faecalisacute coronary syndromarrêtcardiaquecardiac arrestcoronary embolism, septic embolismemboleseptiqueendocarditeinfectieuseendocarditisenodcarditeinfective endocarditismyocardial infarctionsoinsintensifssyndrome coronarienaigu

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection affecting heart valves.
  • Enterococcus faecalis is a common causative agent of IE.
  • Systemic embolism is a known complication of IE.

Observation:

  • A 64-year-old patient with a history of Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis on a biological aortic valve presented with recurrent bacteremia.
  • The patient experienced cardiac arrest during hospitalization.
  • Coronary angiography revealed acute left coronary artery occlusion.

Findings:

  • Autopsy confirmed an Enterococcus faecalis thrombus on the aortic valve and left coronary artery.
  • The case illustrates septic embolism to the coronary artery, a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  • This septic coronary embolism was the direct cause of cardiac arrest.

Implications:

  • Septic coronary embolism is an unusual and potentially fatal complication of infective endocarditis.
  • This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare presentations of IE complications.
  • Early diagnosis and management of IE are crucial to prevent severe outcomes like ACS and cardiac arrest.