Related Concept Videos
Language and Cognition
473
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
473
Language Development
485
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
485
Lateralization
545
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
545
You might also read
Related Articles
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Sort by
Same author
Dissociable contributions of cortical thickness and surface area to cognitive ageing: evidence from multiple longitudinal cohorts.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author
Dyslexia: a window into the cortical mechanisms of adaptive speech analysis.
Trends in neurosciences·2026
Same author
Changes in memory function in adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection: Findings from the Covid and Cognition online study.
Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2025
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 26, 2025

05:31
Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
Published on: February 26, 2020
14.9K
How bilingualism modulates selective attention in children.
Jacqueline Phelps1, Adam Attaheri2, Mirjana Bozic3
1Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK. jap90@cam.ac.uk.
Scientific Reports
|April 17, 2022
Summary
Bilingual children may not have enhanced attention, but rather a different way of managing it. This study suggests bilingualism redistributes attentional resources rather than increasing overall capacity.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Linguistics
Background:
- Bilingualism is known to affect cognitive processes, particularly selective attention in children.
- The precise neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying these effects remain under investigation.
- Existing research suggests bilinguals may exhibit enhanced attentional control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether bilingual children possess increased attentional capacity or economize existing resources.
- To explore the neural mechanisms underlying attentional differences between monolingual and bilingual children.
- To determine if constant management of multiple languages enhances or reallocates attentional resources.
Main Methods:
- Utilized electroencephalography (EEG) to record neural responses to attended and unattended auditory stimuli.
- Analyzed the neural encoding of speech envelopes in both attended and unattended conditions.
- Compared behavioral performance and neural encoding patterns in monolingual and bilingual children aged 7-12.
- Assessed the reconstructability of attended speech from neuronal population responses.
Main Results:
- Monolingual and bilingual children demonstrated equivalent behavioral performance on the selective attention task.
- Despite similar behavior, significant differences were observed in the neural encoding of attended speech.
- Neural encoding patterns in bilingual children suggested a redistribution of attentional resources, not an enhancement of capacity.
- EEG data indicated that bilinguals' neural processing adapted to manage competing linguistic input.
Conclusions:
- Bilingual children's attentional system appears to operate differently, involving resource redistribution rather than increased capacity.
- The findings challenge the notion of enhanced attentional capacity in bilinguals, proposing a resource-saving mechanism instead.
- This study provides novel insights into the neural underpinnings of cognitive flexibility shaped by bilingual language experience.

