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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.7K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.7K
Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism02:37

Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: cis-trans Isomerism

12.6K
Depending upon the different spatial orientation of the substituents, the disubstituted cycloalkanes exhibit two types of stereoisomers. The cis isomers have the substituents on the same side of the ring, whereas the trans isomers have the substituents on the opposite sides. These stereoisomers exhibit different physical properties and cannot be interconverted without breaking the carbon-carbon bonds.
In cyclohexane, the substituents can occupy different positions generating distinct isomers....
12.6K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

9.4K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
9.4K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

12.5K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography
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Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography

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Cannabinoid crystal polymorphism.

Crist N Filer1

  • 1PerkinElmer Health Sciences Inc, 940 Winter Street, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA. crist.filer@perkinelmer.com.

Journal of Cannabis Research
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cannabinoids typically exist as amorphous solids, but this commentary presents evidence suggesting they may also form distinct crystal polymorphs. This finding has implications for cannabinoid science and drug development.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Cannabinoids are commonly encountered as amorphous solids, lacking long-range molecular order.
  • The concept of crystal polymorphism, where a compound exists in multiple crystalline forms, is well-established in pharmaceutical chemistry.

Discussion:

  • This commentary explores the potential for cannabinoid crystal polymorphism, challenging the assumption of their amorphous nature.
  • It reviews existing evidence and scientific precedent supporting the existence of different cannabinoid crystalline structures.
  • Understanding cannabinoid solid-state forms is crucial for predicting and controlling their physical and chemical properties.

Key Insights:

  • Cannabinoid crystal polymorphism is a plausible phenomenon supported by scientific evidence.
  • Different polymorphic forms can exhibit distinct solubility, stability, and bioavailability.
Keywords:
CannabinoidCannabisPolymorph

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  • Recognition of cannabinoid polymorphism is essential for consistent drug formulation and manufacturing.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research is needed to identify and characterize specific cannabinoid polymorphs.
    • Investigating cannabinoid polymorphism can lead to improved therapeutic efficacy and novel drug delivery systems.
    • This area of study holds significant potential for advancing cannabinoid-based medicine.