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Related Experiment Video

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Crew Autonomy During Simulated Medical Event Management on Long Duration Space Exploration Missions.

Steven Yule1, Jamie M Robertson2, Benjamin Mormann3

  • 1STRATUS Center for Medical Simulation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Surgery & Public Health, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Clinical Surgery, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Human Factors
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Flight surgeon support significantly improved crew performance during simulated medical emergencies, enhancing clinical skills and reducing cognitive load. Checklists alone are insufficient for autonomous spaceflight medical care.

Keywords:
aerospace medicine, long-term missions, pilot, crew behavior, mental workload, medical simulation/training and assessment, simulation and training

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Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Medical Simulation

Background:

  • Unanticipated in-flight medical events pose risks to crew health, capacity, and mission success.
  • Ground support may be limited or unavailable during long-duration space missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of flight surgeon (FS) ground support on crew performance during simulated medical emergencies.
  • To compare technical, behavioral, and cognitive performance with and without telemedical FS support.

Main Methods:

  • 16 three-person crews managed four unique medical events in a spacecraft simulator.
  • Crews were randomized to conditions with or without flight surgeon support.
  • Performance was assessed via video review, checklist completion, and cognitive load measures (NASA-TLX, HRV, EEG).

Main Results:

  • Crews with FS support demonstrated superior clinical performance and higher technical skill ratings.
  • Enhanced information exchange and significantly lower perceived cognitive demand (mental and temporal) were reported with FS support.
  • No significant differences were found in time-to-treat or objective cognitive demand measures.

Conclusions:

  • Medical checklists are essential but insufficient for autonomous crew performance without real-time flight surgeon support.
  • Findings inform training, policy for autonomous spaceflight, and the design of clinical decision support systems.