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Potential Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Multiple Organ Dysfunction in Cytokine Release Syndrome
Peixian Chen1, Yan Tang1, Weixin He2
1Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University/the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue, Guangzhou, 510282 Guangdong, China.
Abstract:
In recent decades, many serious respiratory infections have broken out all over the world, including SARS-CoV, MERS, and COVID-19. They are characterized by strong infectivity, rapid disease progression, high mortality, and poor prognosis. Excessive immune system activation results in cytokine hypersecretion, which is an important reason for the aggravation of symptoms, and can spread throughout the body leading to systemic multiple organ dysfunction, namely, cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Although many diseases related to CRS have been identified, the mechanism of CRS is rarely mentioned clearly. This review is intended to clarify the pathogenetic mechanism of CRS in the deterioration of related diseases, describe the important signaling pathways and clinical pathophysiological characteristics of CRS, and provide ideas for further research and development of specific drugs for corresponding targets to treat CRS.
Insights
Recent respiratory infections like COVID-19 can cause severe cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This review clarifies CRS mechanisms, highlighting its role in disease severity and suggesting new therapeutic targets.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Emerging respiratory infections such as SARS-CoV, MERS, and COVID-19 pose significant global health threats.
- These infections are associated with high infectivity, rapid progression, mortality, and poor prognosis.
- Excessive immune activation leading to cytokine hypersecretion, known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), exacerbates symptoms and can cause systemic multiple organ dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of CRS in the context of severe respiratory infections.
- To describe key signaling pathways involved in CRS.
- To outline the clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of CRS.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature.
- Analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms of CRS.
- Description of signaling pathways and clinical features.
Main Results:
- CRS is a critical factor in the deterioration of severe respiratory infections.
- Specific signaling pathways driving CRS are identified.
- Clinical manifestations and pathophysiological consequences of CRS are detailed.
Conclusions:
- Understanding CRS mechanisms is crucial for managing severe respiratory infections.
- Further research into CRS pathways can identify specific drug targets.
- Developing targeted therapies for CRS holds promise for improving patient outcomes.
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