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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Real Time Detection of In Vitro Tumor Cell Apoptosis Induced by CD8+ T Cells to Study Immune Suppressive Functions of Tumor-infiltrating Myeloid Cells
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Programmed Cell Death Tunes Tumor Immunity.

Jing Liu1,2, Minjing Hong1, Yijia Li1,2

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways like apoptosis and pyroptosis are key to clearing cells and impact cancer immunity. Understanding these cell death mechanisms offers new avenues for cancer therapy development.

Keywords:
PANoptosisapoptosisautophagyferroptosisnecroptosispyroptosistumor immunotherapytumor microenvironment

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Generation of Orthotopic Pancreatic Tumors and Ex vivo Characterization of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Cytotoxicity
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Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cellular demise is essential for tissue homeostasis and removing damaged cells.
  • Programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, PANoptosis, and autophagy, have distinct molecular mechanisms.
  • These PCD pathways critically influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer treatment outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of major PCD pathways in cancer.
  • To discuss the molecular messengers released during PCD and their immune-modulating functions within the TME.
  • To explore the immunological consequences of PCD and its therapeutic implications in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of programmed cell death pathways.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms and immune crosstalk in the TME.
  • Exploration of PCD's dual role (pro-tumor/anti-tumor) and its impact on anti-tumor immunity.

Main Results:

  • PCD pathways significantly modulate the immunosuppressive TME.
  • Released intracellular contents during PCD influence immune cell populations (effector vs. regulatory).
  • PCD plays a dual role in tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PCD crosstalk with immune responses is crucial for cancer therapy.
  • Targeting PCD pathways may enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve therapeutic efficacy.
  • PCD modulation presents a promising strategy for future cancer treatment development.