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Plant Breeding for Intercropping in Temperate Field Crop Systems: A Review.

Virginia M Moore1, Brandon Schlautman2, Shui-Zhang Fei3

  • 1Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.

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Developing new crop varieties for intercropping systems requires a holistic approach. This review highlights key considerations for plant breeding to enhance agricultural resilience and productivity in diverse cropping systems.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Monoculture cropping systems are prevalent in temperate regions.
  • Intercropping offers benefits like increased yield stability, productivity, and resilience against pests and diseases.
  • Current plant breeding primarily targets monoculture, necessitating adaptation for intercropping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a systems approach for developing crop cultivars specifically for intercropping systems.
  • To identify critical factors for designing effective breeding schemes for intercropping.
  • To review existing breeding efforts and future directions in intercropping cultivar development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on intercropping and plant breeding.
  • Analysis of three case studies: forage mixtures, perennial groundcover systems (PGC), and soybean-pennycress intercropping.
  • Examination of theoretical approaches and their implementation in breeding programs.

Main Results:

  • Cultivar development for intercropping demands consideration of species variation, genotype × management interactions, and specific traits for success.
  • Agronomic and ecological knowledge, alongside stakeholder input, are crucial for designing selection schemes.
  • The review synthesizes information across diverse intercropping systems to inform breeding strategies.

Conclusions:

  • A systems-based approach is essential for breeding cultivars adapted to intercropping.
  • Integrating ecological and agronomic knowledge will optimize breeding schemes for complex cropping systems.
  • Further research and development are needed to fully realize the potential of intercropping through tailored cultivar development.